负序及谐波畸变电网电压下双馈风力发电系统的改进直接功率控制策略

由于定子直接连接到电网,电网电压中的负序和谐波分量会严重恶化双馈风力发电机(DFIG)系统的运行性能,导致系统输出总电流三相不对称及谐波畸变、总输出有功功率及无功功率波动等,使得DFIG系统无法安全稳定可靠运行,且输出风电质量下降。同时考虑负序和谐波电网下DFIG系统机侧变流器和网侧变流器的运行状态,以改善DFIG系统总输出电流或功率质量为目标,研究基于二阶矢量积分器(SOVI)的DFIG系统网侧和机侧变流器改进直接功率控制(DPC)策略,改善DFIG系统的运行性能。实验结果验证了所提出的负序和谐波畸变电网电压下DPC策略的正确性及有效性。     

基于事件触发的DFIG次同步附加阻尼控制方法

为快速、准确判断和有效抑制双馈感应发电机(double fed induction generator,DFIG)并网经串补输电系统送出发生的次同步控制互作用(sub-synchronous control interaction,SSCI)问题,首先分析了DFIG经串补送出系统SSCI的作用路径,并经数学推导给出了SSCI发生判据。然后,基于该判据,进一步提出了一种基于SSCI事件触发的DFIG次同步附加阻尼控制方法,提出了适用于快速检测需求的次同步频率提取方法;引入了迟滞环节来解决电机参数不确定导致的误判问题,提高方法的鲁棒性;设计了相频特性平滑的带通滤波器,增强了控制方法对频率变化SSCI问题的适用性。最后,进行PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证,结果表明所提控制方法能够在风速变化、串补度变化及风机参数不确定情况下较好地阻尼SSCI,且由于引入了SSCI事件判断机制,附加控制在未出现SSCI风险时退出运行,不影响风机变流器的主控制功能。与已有的附加阻尼控制方法相比,所提控制方法在较高串补度下仍然具有较好的抑制效果。     

低温高磁感取向硅钢热轧板通电加热织构研究

通过对低温高磁感取向硅钢热轧板通电加热处理,发现将热轧板以55℃/s从室温加热到1 000℃后降温,在1 000～950℃降温过程中保持时间2～5 s,可以获得与常化工艺等效的热轧板织构组分,根据所得结果,讨论了在热轧轧机后段增加电加热装置,从而代替常化工艺生产高磁感取向硅钢的可能性.     

10kV架空裸导线配电线路雷击影响因素分析

从10 kV配电线路的直击雷和感应雷击跳闸机理出发,首先分析雷电地闪密度、雷电流幅值概率分布对线路跳闸的影响。其次,分析线路处于山顶、山腰、山底三种不同地形地貌情况时的10 kV架空配电线路直击雷和感应雷受雷宽度。再次,根据规程法分析10 kV架空配电线路附近存在输电线路时,输电线路与配电线的水平距离大小对其直击雷受雷宽度的影响。最后,根据电气几何模型和雷电先导模型,分析存在高耸建筑时10 kV配电线路周围的电场变化情况,为对10 kV配电线路的雷击风险评估提供依据。     

Thermal shock resistance of thermal barrier coatings modified by selective laser remelting and alloying techniques

Aiming to improve the thermal shock resistance of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), the plasma-sprayed 7YSZ TBCs were modified by selective laser remelting and selective laser alloying, respectively, in this study. A self-healing agent TiAl₃ was introduced into the 7YSZ TBCs by selective laser alloying to fill cracks during thermal cycling. The thermal shock experiments of the plasma-sprayed, laser-remelted, and laser-alloyed TBCs were conducted by a means of heating and water-quenching method. Results revealed that some segmented microcracks were distributed on the surface of the laser-remelted and the laser-alloyed zones, showing a dense columnar crystal structure. After thermal shock tests, the numbers of segmented microcracks on the laser-remelted coating increased, whereas, in the laser-alloyed condition, some irregular particles formed, leading to the decreased numbers of segmented microcracks. The laser-alloyed coating exhibited the best thermal shock resistance, followed by the laser-remelted condition, with the thermal shock lifetime 3.3 and 2.7 times higher than that of the as-sprayed coating, respectively. On the one hand, both columnar grains and segmented microcracks in the laser-treated zone could effectively improve the strain tolerance of coatings. On the other hand, the oxidation products of TiAl₃ under high-temperature condition could seal the microcracks to postpone the crack connection. Thus, the thermal shock resistance of the laser-treated coatings was significantly improved.     

Effect of Spot Continual Induction Hardening on the Tribological Performance of Grey Cast Iron with Curved Surface

In order to investigate the effect of a spot continual induction hardening (SCIH) process on the tribological performance of grey cast iron with a curved surface, dry sliding wear tests were performed under different loads. The curved surface structure of the workpiece and feed velocity of the inductor were considered important influence factors. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the phases, compositions, and morphologies of grey cast iron after the SCIH process and tribological tests. The results showed that the wear mechanism of grey cast iron was always adhesive and abrasive wear at different loads when the workpiece was not strengthened. In the case of partial strengthening, the wear mechanism changed from adhesive and abrasive wear to fatigue–exfoliative wear with increasing load. Oxidative wear always appeared as the dominant wear mechanism when the workpiece was completely strengthened. The wear resistance of the concave surface was always larger than that of the convex surface under the same feed velocity of the inductor. Relatively low feed velocity of the inductor in the SCIH process can optimize the wear resistance of grey cast iron with a curved surface.     

激光重熔制备TA1表面Ni/Al复合抗高温氧化涂层

为了提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能,采用电弧喷涂和等离子喷涂方法在纯钛表面制备Ni/Al复合涂层.利用激光重熔使得Ni层与Al层发生冶金反应,对试件进行800℃×40 h连续氧化.根据生成的金属间化合物特征研究纯钛的高温抗氧化行为.结果表明,经过表面改性处理后Ni/Al复合涂层可以显著提高纯钛的高温抗氧化性能.在激光重熔过程中Ni/Al复合涂层中的Al发生熔化扩散并与Ni形成以Ni_2Al_3相为主的扩散层.在氧化过程中Ni/Al复合涂层表面形成连续且致密的α-Al_2O_3氧化膜与大量NiAl相,表面扩散层中的富铝相可为表面提供充足的Al元素,进而对纯钛基体提供有效的高温抗氧化保护作用.     

单级感应线圈发射器实验研究

为了研究感应线圈发射器发射过程中的机电特性,搭建了单级感应线圈发射实验装置。采用自积分式Rogowski线圈法进行回路放电电流测量,并结合工程的实际条件对线圈机电模型进行仿真。通过发射实验,测得了系统发射过程中的放电电流和弹丸的初速度。实验结果表明：在电枢初始位置不变的情况下,弹丸初速度与电容器组的充电电压几乎成线性关系;在电压相同的情况下,随着电枢初始位置不断远离驱动线圈中心,弹丸初速度先增加后减小,存在一个最佳的电枢初始位置使得弹丸能获得最大的初速度,这一结论同前期仿真结果相吻合。     

一种检测薄膜型InSb-In磁阻元件灵敏度的便捷方法

本文设计了一种检测方法,它提拱精确可控制、且在一定的条件下磁感应强度的大小是稳定的磁场,同时设计了一种低噪声的放大电路对磁阻元件的输出进行测量.利用这个装置,可以精确地测量薄膜式InSb-In磁阻元件的灵敏度.本文检测并讨论了磁阻式Insb-In磁阻元件在一定的磁偏置的条件下,外加磁感应强度B与磁阻元件的电阻值的变化率间的关系,从而提出了一种精确、便捷的薄膜型InSb-In磁阻元件的测量方法.     

低频感应式磁传感器优化设计

针对目前低频感应式磁传感器没有明确的设计流程,设计时很大程度上依靠经验,以及在标定和试验中的一些难点问题,首先回顾了感应式磁传感器的结构和工作原理;然后对影响磁传感器性能的参数进行分析和仿真,得出设计磁传感器主要考虑的指标是自噪声和灵敏度,影响磁传感器自噪声的参数主要是线圈内阻,而影响磁传感器灵敏度的参数主要是磁芯的长度、直径和线圈匝数;最后在一定重量作为约束条件下,对磁传感器的关键技术指标进行优化设计,明确设计步骤,结果表明重量分配系数q在0～1之间有一个最优值,使得等效磁场噪声最小;最后对设计制作的磁传感器性能进行了标定和试验,得到实测的感应式磁传感器的频率特性和等效电路理论分析的曲线相吻合。